(PYQ 2020 Mock Answer: Public administration) Indian Civil services

 B) There is a constant and continuous collision between bureaucratic values and democratic values which adversely affects development. Do you agree? Elaborate 

Answer: 

It is seen that democratic values like transparency, accountability, participative governance etc come in conflict with the bureaucratic values of the bureaucrats like Hierarchy, rules and regulations, efficiency, value neutrality etc. This conflict manifests in the following ways: 

1. Accountability - The bureaucrats are not directly accountable to the people for their actions, there is only an indirect accountability mechanism via the elected representatives 
2. Transparency is a democratic value but since we have inherited the colonial laws and procedures, the opaqueness in the system violates this principle 
3. Bureaucracy tends to treat citizens as subjects to be governed rather than as citizens to be empowered 
4. The bureaucracy keeps the citizens out of the process of governance and tends to treat citizens as outside beneficiaries in the process of development 
5. Goal displacement - the bureaucrats are more interested in implementing rules and regulations than on maximising the welfare of the people.
6. Failure of citizen centric reforms like RTI, Citizens charter and Social audit
7. The colonial attitude of the bureaucrats
8. Bureaucratic apathy 

The fact even after 75 years of independence development administration has been a failure is indicative of the impact this collision of values has on the development and growth of the country. 

Future and Ongoing Courses by Siva Prasad -

 https://upscwithsiva.blogspot.com/2020/10/future-and-ongoing-courses-by-siva.html

Use code - "akmsiva", to get 10% discount on Unacademy Plus Subscription

(PYQ 2020 Mock Answer: Public administration) - Mughal Administration

Q. Mughal administration incorporated a combination of Indian and extra-Indian elements. Discuss 

Answer : 

After the success of Babur in the first battle of Panipat in 1526, the Mughal rule was established in India. The Mughal empire was one of the prosperous empires at the point of time and was very well known for the sound administration system. 

The Indian elements in Mughal administration are as follows:

1. Monarchial form of government: Kautilya in his work Arthashastra mentions that the Monarchial system is the preferable form of government. In the Mughal administration as well the administration is entered around the king. 
2. Federal form of Government: Given the size and diversity of India, all major empires like the Mauryans and Guptas preferred dividing the kingdom into many provinces for ease of administration. 
3. Tradition authority of the headmen at the village level. 
4. Land revenue/tax: Since, agriculture was the main occupation at that point of time, the Mughals like their preceding kingdoms relied heavily on the land revenues. 
5. Military nature of administration : The heads of the provinces and districts had civilian as well military roles
6. Spoils system in filling top level positions. 

Extra-Indian elements are as follows: 

1. Mansabdari system and jagirdari system had been influenced by the Iqtadari system, which in turn was not indigenous to India. 
2. The religious powers of the sultan, by the infallibility decree issued by Akbar, the king became the ultimate interpreter of Quran. No other previous king in India exercised such religious powers
3. Paper administration (Khagaj Raj) in india was introduced by the Mughals.

Future and Ongoing Courses by Siva Prasad -

 https://upscwithsiva.blogspot.com/2020/10/future-and-ongoing-courses-by-siva.html

Use code - "akmsiva", to get 10% discount on Unacademy Plus Subscription